Saturation of Haemoglobin with CO

• 0-10% - no symptoms
• 10-20% - tightness across the forehead
• 20-30% - flushed skin, headache, breathlessness and palpitation on exertion, slight dizziness
• 30-40% - severe headache, dizziness, nausea. Weakness of knees, irritability, impaired judgement. Possible collapse.
• 40-50% - symptoms as above with increased respiration and pulse rates. Collapse on exertion.
• 50-60% - loss of consciousness, coma.
• 60-70% - coma, weakened heart and respiration
• 70% and above - respiratory failure and death

Volume of CO in the Air

• 0.01% - tightness across the forehead with prolonged exposure
• 0.03% - flushed skin, headache, breathlessness and palpitation on exertion, with 4 to 5 hours exposure
• 0.05% - severe headache, nausea. Weakness of knees, irritability. Increased respiration and pulse rates and collapse within 4 to 5 hours exposure.
• 0.4% - coma, weakened heart and respiration within a few mins.
  
  

Carbon Monoxide Alarm

Combustion Process

• Complete Combustion - correct mixture (stoichiometric mixture) of gas and air
  • (1m³ of methane + 8m³ of nitrogen + 2m³ of oxygen) = (1m³ of carbon dioxide + 8m³ of nitrogen + 2m³ of water vapor)
• Incomplete Combustion
  
  
  
• Retention Flames